Advances in material purity and epitaxial growth techniques have led to a variety of semiconductor lasers covering a wide wavelength range of 0. Describe how a semiconductor laser diode works what determines the frequency that is emitted. Steen liverpool university, introduction to semiconductor uk optics. Types of lasers solid state laser, gas laser, liquid. A semiconductor laser converts electrical energy into light. Semiconductor manufacturing handbook, second edition. Short table of contents list of figures, list of tables title page table of contents cdrom help. Leisher the semiconductor laser was invented in 1962, and has recently become ubiquitous in modern life. The laser gain medium are organic dyes in solution of ethyl, methyl alcohol, glycerol or water. The history of the laser dates back to at least 1951 and an idea of townes, who wanted to use ammonia molecules to amplify microwave radiation. Fundamentals of semiconductor lasers ebook by takahiro numai. All of the major types of arrays are discussed in detail, including.
How semiconductor laser diodes work explain that stuff. In 2000, laser focus world estimated that about 34% of medical therapy lasers were of the semiconductor type. In addition, a laser diode contains an optical cavity where stimulated emission takes place. Digital rights management drm the publisher has supplied this book in encrypted form, which means that you need to install free software in order to unlock and read it.
Physics and materials properties, one of the questions we are asked. Designed for graduate students in physics, electrical engineering, and materials science, the text covers many recent developments, including diode lasers using quantum wells. He has authored three books on semiconductor devices but for the last ten years the emphasis of his work and publications has been the design and modelling of laser diodes. The 2 dvds include 32 lectures, approximately an hour each. Semiconductor laser diode technology and applications. The principles of semiconductor laser diodes and amplifiers. Essential semiconductor laser device physics book home. It is a gas laser built by ali javan at mit, with a wavelength of 632. Simple explanations lead the reader logically from the basics of laser action to advanced topics in laser physics and engineering in this comprehensive introduction to the physical and. Basics of laser physics provides an introductory presentation of the field of all types of lasers. According to the actual trends in laser research and development, vol.
The optical and electronic properties of the semiconductor medium are analyzed in detail, including quantum confinement and gain engineering effects. This material comes in the form of ingots that are then further processed into substrates to which layers of other materials are. Fundamentals of semiconductor lasers explains the physics and fundamental. With the progress of optical transmission technology, various kinds of semiconductor lasers have been developed for the application to wavelength division multiplexing, high speed, low power consumption, and photonic integration.
An introduction to the optical isolator is provided at the end of this chapter to explain how to overcome and improve the reflection coefficient of the laser to the fiber. Those same materials can be shaped to form a reflecting cavity that amplifies and directs the light it produces, creating a semiconductor laser. Semiconductor lasers are also known as laser diodes. Semiconductor laser engineering, reliability and diagnostics. N 1 to achieve the condition of population inversion between e 2 and e 1 at moderate pumping. The laser cavity consists of a waveguide terminated on each end by a mirror.
Semiconductorlaser fundamentals physics of the gain. How semiconductor laser is made material, making, history. In terms of water models, it can be thought of as a oneway water valve, or check valve, that only lets water. Lecture 1 introduction to semiconductors and semiconductor. Semiconductorlaser physics discusses the underlying physics and operational principles of semiconductor lasers.
Most of them are electrically pumped laser diodes, where electronhole pairs are generated by an electrical current in a region where ndoped and pdoped semiconductor materials meet. This thesis focuses on the development of a semiconductor laser fabricating process which utilizes semiconductor manufacturing technology in a. The semiconductor laser diode book chapter iopscience. Introduction to semiconductor optics pdf free download. This book presents an indepth discussion of the semiconductorlaser gain medium.
Semiconductor materials are a subclass of materials distinguished by the existence of a range of disallowed. A laser diode, ld, injection laser diode ild, or diode laser is a semiconductor device similar to a lightemitting diode in which a diode pumped directly with electrical current can create lasing conditions at the diodes junction 3 laser diodes can directly convert electrical energy into light. The story of shuji nakamura and the blue laser diode is remarkable. Semiconductor laser physics discusses the underlying physics and operational principles of semiconductor lasers. We have demonstrated the modulation of laser around threshold for the observation of relaxation oscillations in a semiconductor diode laser. One thing for which it is not good is bedtime reading, because this book invites serious study. The most uptodate book available on the physics of photonic devices this new edition of physics of photonic devices incorporates significant advancements in the field of photonics that have occurred since publication of the first edition physics of optoelectronic devices. Crc press book semiconductor laser theory discusses new types of semiconductor lasers.
Semiconductor lasers stability, instability and chaos. Semiconductor laser fundamentals crc press book ranging from fundamental theoretical concepts to advanced device technologies, this referencetext explores the engineering, characteristics, and performance of specific semiconductor lasers. If searching for the book handbook of semiconductor lasers and photonic integrated circuits in pdf form, in that case you come on to the correct website. Topics discussed in the text include the application of lasers to communication and spectroscopy, squeezed state generation, general quantum noise properties and semiconductor laser amplifiers. Semiconductor laser fundamentals by suhara, toshiaki ebook. Instead of using silicon as the semiconductor, we use a different material, notably an alloy of aluminum and gallium arsenide indium gallium arsenide phosphide is another popular choice. It introduces a new generation of devices that includes optical modulators, quantum well qw lasers, and photodiodes and explores new. Schawlow with a ruby laser, 1961 semiconductors can be used as small, highly e cient photon sources in lasers.
Development of semiconductor laser for optical communication. With invaluable practical advice, this new reference book is suited to practising researchers in diode laser. The book offers useful information for both readers unfamiliar with semiconductor lasers, through the introductory parts of each chapter, as well as a. Fundamentals of semiconductor lasers takahiro numai springer. The semiconductor bandgap controls the emission wavelength. Semiconductor laser engineering, reliability and diagnostics reflects the extensive expertise of the author in the diode laser field both as a top scientific researcher as well as a key developer of highpower highly reliable devices. This book is devoted to optical semiconductor devices and their numerous applications in telecommunications, optoelectronics, and consumer electronicsareas where signal processing or the transmission of signals across fiber optic cables is paramount.
He is currently chairman of the council of the school of technology and a member of the universitys general board. The book concludes with chapters addressing the control of photon states in squeezedlight and microcavity structures, and electron states in low dimensional quantum wire and quantum dot lasers. This updated second edition includes new material throughout, especially though, in the areas of solidstate lasers, semiconductor lasers, and laser cavities. It is clear from this book that he enjoys this fact and wishes his readers to become familiar with his success. As a book for students of laser material processing it is a useful reference book. In a laser diode, we take things a stage further to make the emerging light more pure and powerful.
Introduction to semiconductors and semiconductor devices a background equalization lecture reading. They form the backbone of the optical telecommunications infrastructure supporting the internet, and are used in information storage devices, barcode scanners, laser printers and many other everyday products. Driven by voltage, the doped pntransition allows for recombination of an electron with a hole. Semiconductor optoelectronics farhan rana, cornell university the simplest way to analyze and understand laser dynamics is using rate equations. Apr 14, 2014 this book brings together in a single volume a unique contribution by the top experts around the world in the field of compact semiconductor lasers to provide a comprehensive description and analysis of the current status as well as future directions in the field of micro and nanoscale semiconductor lasers. The rst pn junction lasers were built in gaas infrared 3 and. In semiconductor laser theory, the optical gain is produced in a semiconductor material. Fundamentals, types, and operations n n e 0 e e 1 e 3 e 0 e e 1 2 fast decay fast decay fast decay pumping pumping lasing lasing a b figure 1. Semiconductor lasers are often paired with photoelectric cells in automatic doors, burglar alarms, barcode readers, and fiberoptic communications devices. Part one introduces the fundamentals of semiconductor lasers, beginning with key principles before going on to discuss photonic crystal lasers, high power semiconductor lasers and laser beams, and the use of semiconductor lasers in ultrafast pulse generation.
Smaller size and appearance make them good choice for many applications. Lastly, the author is grateful to his family members, chitrani wife, kaberi. Semiconductor processing, power distribution, equipment safety and laser applications book book 3 nikola zlatanov. The conventional semiconductor laser consists of a compound semiconductor, gallium arsenide. Essential semiconductor laser device physics book iopscience.
The original concepts of semiconductor lasers dates from 1961, when basov et al. This book brings together in a single volume a unique contribution by the top experts around the world in the field of compact semiconductor lasers to provide a comprehensive description and analysis of the current status as well as future directions in the field of micro and nanoscale semiconductor lasers. The objective is to provide an uptodate understanding of semicon ductor lasers while incorporating recent research results that are not yet available in the book form. In solidstate lasers, light energy is used as the pump source whereas, in. He was a research fellow at the california institute of technology, pasadena, ca and member of technical staff and district manager at bellcore, red bank, new jersey, before assuming his current position of professor of physics of nanostructures at the swiss federal institute of technology in lausanne. Researchers and technologists are pursuing a broad range of emerging applications, everything from automobile collision avoidance to secure quantum key distribution. The helium neon laser the first continuouswave laser, the semiconductor diode laser, and aircooled ion lasers have found broad oem application. The choice of material depends on the desired wavelength and properties such as modulation speed. The book offers useful information for both readers unfamiliar with semiconductor lasers, through the introductory parts of each chapter, as well as a stateoftheart discussion of some of the most advanced semiconductor laser structures, intended for readers engaged in research in this field. This book sets out to summarize key aspects of semiconductor laser device physics and principles of laser operation. Innovative optical devices have emerged from the integration of semiconductor laser diodes, amplifiers and filters with optical waveguide technology. Semiconductor laser theory 1st edition prasanta kumar. The lectures map onto the individual chapters in the book.
It may be a bulk semiconductor, but more often a quantum heterostructure. Writing a book on semiconductor device physics and design is never complete and probably never completely satisfying. In 1961, the concept of a semiconductor laser was introduced by basov et al. Semiconductor lasers utilize a semiconductor as the gain medium. This book provides a comprehensive overview of the fundamental principles and applications of semiconductor diode laser arrays. In soas photons were confined in the dimensions transverse to the waveguide but were allowed to escape from the. Semiconductor lasers have important applications in numerous fields, including engineering, biology, chemistry and medicine.
Semiconductor materials, devices, and fabrication and the associated media content in the dvds provide an understanding of the materials, devices, and processing techniques used in the current microelectronics industry. We presented the utter variant of this book in doc, epub, pdf, djvu, txt formats. This book is intended to provide a comprehensive account of longwave. Principle, construction, working, characteristics, advantages, disadvantages and applications it is specifically fabricated pn junction diode. A feature of the book is its discussion of expected future developments in the field. Research material is included that has previously been available in the form of papers in international journals. It contains a general description of the laser, a theoretical treatment and a characterization of its operation as it deals with gas, solid state, freeelectron and semiconductor lasers and, furthermore, with a. Semiconductor lasers play an important role in our everyday life. This book explains physics under the operating principles of semiconductor lasers in detail based on the experience of t. Semiconductor diodes the diode is the simplest type of semiconductor device. From cost point of view the semiconductor lasers are economical. This is a comprehensive stateoftheart book covering general mathematical and physical aspects of processes relevant to optical semiconductor lasers with applications focused on laser metrology, chaotic communications including cryptography, and chaotic random number generation. Pdf surface emitting semiconductor lasers and arrays. This book represents a unique collection of the latest developments in the rapidly developing world of semiconductor laser diode technology and applications.
Although ingaasp lasers are often used as an example, the basic concepts discussed in this text apply to all semiconductor lasers, irrespective of their wavelengths. All of the major types of arrays are discussed in detail, including coherent, incoherent, edge and surfaceemitting, horizontal and verticalcavity, individually addressed, lattice matched and strainedlayer systems. The optical and electronic properties of semiconductors, particularly semiconductor quantumwell systems, are analyzed in detail, covering a wide variety of nearinfrared systems with or without strain, as well as widegap materials such as the groupiii nitride compounds or the iivi materials. Read fundamentals of semiconductor lasers by takahiro numai available from rakuten kobo. Starting with a discussion of semiconductor laser diodes, including basic laser devices, heterostructures, gain and index guiding, the relevant. In semiconductor optical amplifiers soas, photons multiplied via stimulated emission.
These lasers are very cheap, compact size and consume low power. These dyes can be excited by optically with argon lasers. Semiconductor manufacturing handbook, second edition geng, hwaiyu on. Semiconductor lasers are different from solidstate lasers. After a basic solid foundation of laser physics is laid, a practical rf modeling of the laser is presented, followed by modulation terminologies for rf and digital schemes. Since its invention in 1962, the semiconductor laser has come a long way. Semiconductor laser fundamentals by toshiaki suhara.
Semiconductor laser fundamentals pdf free download. Semiconductor lasers types, applications, construction. Since the appearance of our book, fundamentals of semiconductors. Download complete pdf book, the epub book or the kindle book. Semiconductor has conductivity between conductor and. This book covers the device physics of semiconductor lasers in five chapters written by. Semiconductor laser is well suited for interface with fiber optic cables used in communication. Distributed feedback dfb semiconductor lasers emit light in a single mode which is essential to providing the carrier in long haul high bitrate optical communication systems.
In this chapter, we will setup laser rate equations using the fabryperot optical cavity as a model. The semiconductor laser diode is just such an example with an approximately 30 year development from conceptual demonstration to a mature technology in volume production. Developed from the authors classroomtested material, semiconductor laser theory takes a semiclassical approach to teaching the principles, structure, and applications of semiconductor lasers. This textbook gives a broad overview of the underlying physics and operational principles of semiconductor lasers. Electrons are injected into the diode, they combine with holes, and some of. An international group of distinguished contributors have covered particular aspects and the book includes optimization of semiconductor laser diode parameters for fascinating applications. This diode emits laser light when it is forward biased. This is made possible by using a semiconductor material, whose ability to conduct electricity is between that of conductors and insulators. Fabrication and characterization of edgeemitting semiconductor lasers dr. Doping a semiconductor with a small amount of impurity atoms. Laser structure and principle of operation laser diodes consist of a n diode with an active region where electrons and holes recombine p resulting in light emission.
112 1349 1499 1458 2 144 1425 1506 412 449 569 1102 525 842 957 936 912 1404 381 355 1481 34 902 696 388 161 1058 301 517 260 1292 1284 104 119 44 1482 1145 200 1256 205 211 768 195 1330